1954 occurred in Minister of the near East China Bureau, first secretary of the CPC Central Committee Rao Shushi, suddenly became the Rao Shushi resolution anti-Party Alliance order out of chaos in all major cases since the founding of various vindicated and correct, put off the adopted by the Sixth Plenary Session, )
In fact, over half a century, this far-reaching impact on the ruling party's major historical events occurred during the origin and little known, is the history of the Chinese Communist Party has not been declassified a few major historical mystery. ()
This situation is caused by many reasons. First, the complexity of the event itself. Since the unknown outsider research, the Council, there are few real insiders, many of the victims unwittingly strayed into enough, the feel wrong for life. The second is the product of the political overlay the dust. The more intense, and often take the clear. Third, in the conclusion, the treatment is definitely the right time. can be said that the )
1991, the Bo issued a reflects the general outline of events, after the official history books, and more to the book as a master copy. but some of the joints of words in the book is unknown, and there pass the whitewash between the primary, leaving many historical mystery yet clear analysis. ()
because the following and see the old past, Chen said, the courage to play a source extension, the corner of the world saw the events surrounding the complex. such as the former deputy secretary of the Board at the second Northeast Zhang Xiushan and discipline head of the daughter of Zhang Ji Zhang Mingyuan Zhao Jialiang and the coauthor of Drafts and notes materials inspection, in Review historical data, through her tick Jue, the scattered fragments of eleven stitching together the history, basically reproduce the original appearance of this history. Although the book centers card too much, guess through the heavy, even at the Writing the history of injury, but the original provided valuable historical data, the disclosure of key details of many unknown, on the ; contains the ruling Communist power after the first high-level competition, a huge and far-reaching impact. This major event context clues to clarify the fundamental, may not only subvert the past, people's understanding of history, but also extends the history of the ruling Communist vision, to the founding of a major political party after the previous event provides a new interpretation of the path. and when high, Rao ; the charges no longer valid, out. Professor Lin Yunhui light of these new historical writing on the into research, innovation masterpiece. [4] ()
economic recovery began to go to large-scale economic construction. In the political line, China began the transition from New Democracy to socialism, a comprehensive introduction of the Soviet planned economy system; in the state system, from central and regional levels, separation of powers transition to highly centralized system of centralized leadership structure, the ruling party began a new round of power redistribution. In the history of the transition process, the various conflicts focused on the ruling party, appears in the ;, both the concept of conflict and conflict of interest rule, political struggles, and the dual nature of the struggle for power. The right of the political struggle and fight, mutual stalemate, interacts, yin and yang, cross, is our interpretation of key. ()
one line of the political struggles of the founding of
ideas from the country perspective, how to build socialism society's policy is clear; of China to the Soviet model as an example, to achieve the future of socialism, is also very clear. Therefore, the party of differences, originally from the )
democratic system of society in Marxist theory is not typical of a very without words, is the original theoretical concept of the communist revolution. on the basis that pre-modern Chinese society is still in the stage production was developed .1945 Seven of the CPC held, had identified a the working people of the individual economic and cooperative economy, must let the private capitalist economy can not be manipulated in the context of national life to facilitate access to development in order to benefit the community forward. > However, the Chinese Communists came to power, adhere to democratic rule on whether the problem line, political differences within the party after another, in practice some of the conflicts occurred. The political differences between Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi albeit represented, but also in the party between the high and middle cadres. which both recognize the differences, there are policy discord, but also to history conflicts .1954 factions within the party occurred in the of a major inner-party struggle. ()
adhere to and do not adhere to democratic nation-building strategy, is both a problem of the ruling party's political line, but also a productivity standard. In the early Communist power, the party has made any arguments many times, and lead to factional differences. are: ()
1949 �� 4 months, on Liu Shaoqi's electricity ()
1950 year, on the northeast rich peasants party debate on the issue. Gao's view is that party members do not allow workers, lenders and other exploitation. Central Organization Department of the view that workers alone can allow members to mobilize the production of farmers initiative. Shaoqi support the Central Organization Department of the view that the rich peasants, members appear not horrible. and Gao views are supported by Mao Zedong. ()
1951 years, a debate about the mutual assistance and cooperation on agriculture. Shaoqi support the views of North China Bureau , criticized the rush to deny the Shanxi Provincial economic point of view of individual farmers is advice and support of Shanxi Provincial Committee, and then proceed to promote agricultural mutual assistance and cooperation to do. Soon, Gao Mao submitted to the Co-operative movement in northeast rural production report, Mao Zedong spoke highly of the report, and forwarded to the person with comments on around. ()
1951, the principle of trade union work on the debate on the issue. Zihui, Li Lisan, Liu Shaoqi and other unions should be able to claim the interests of workers and the country's interests. Finally, Li Lisan, Mao presided over the work of the National Federation of Trade Unions were severely criticized, eliminating the need for the duties of Li Lisan in the Union. ()
in these arguments, Mao and Gao Gang exactly the same position and point of view, the work of Gao Gang and Northeastern praise for me. northeast into the building early, ahead of the work in the nation. Zedong repeatedly experience the Northeast wholesale across the country. Gao frequently score in the same time, Liu Shaoqi they frequently lose points, and constantly criticized by Mao Zedong. Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi always keep up with politics is very unhappy. and then linked to the past, some of the things, such as problems in 1947 land reform ; Nuenue seat then free to express their opinions. [10] in the the. ()
entered the Korean War armistice negotiations, the second half of 1952, Mao Zedong and the CPC Central Committee and preparing large-scale national economic construction and brewing question how the transition to socialism in October .1953, Liu Fu Su During the nineteenth largest participate in the CPSU, the CPC Central Committee report to Stalin of transition envisaged by Stalin's approval .1953 Mao Zedong formally presented to the whole Party and people of the general line for the transition period. ()
general line of the proposed transition period means that the Chinese Communists to abandon the founding of the past and routes. This is a the track is bound to involve many of the early days of the evaluation and understanding of policy issues. As a specific formulation of these policies and the operator of Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, who, along with the general line of the proposed transition period, immediately plunged into a political embarrassment passive position. Gao was to take the lead, has always maintained a political agreement with Mao, a political Reds. ()
more importantly, the strategy of the founding of high-level change not only led to political differences, More to the conflict in the ruling party in many ways.
one, the legal aspects of the conflict.
Communist government during the actual construction there are two legal system. First Party legitimacy, that is, two Seventh CPC Plenary Session of the policy orientations; Second, the state's legal system, that is, the CPC and other democratic parties, mass organizations of the CPPCC held jointly develop a Common Program side, the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh CPC resolution are more authoritative. The Second Session of the Seventh resolution duality. the basic spirit of the resolution is established under the new democratic social system based on the initial industrialization of the country and then to the community changes in doctrine; the same time, the resolution also proposed the contradiction between the working class and the bourgeoisie is the basic contradiction, also expressed the need to regard the fight against the bourgeoisie. As said Yu Guangyuan: Second Session of the Seventh resolution implementation, you can also perform as and others
on after the founding of the working class and the bourgeoisie is the basic contradiction of the views of Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi no different. Shaoqi may speak earlier. In the September 1948 meeting of the Politburo, Liu has been made this problem. In the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh, Liu Shaoqi and the working class is the fundamental contradiction between the bourgeoisie spoke there are many contradictions and problems, weight is also important. He insisted starting from productivity standards, as a distant socialist about the future. Liu believed that at least engage in a decade or two of the new democratic society, and strive to mobilize the common development of various economic sectors, the production of enthusiasm, did not favor elimination of the capitalist economy and individual economy's radical policies. Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai other people's point of view, in short, is attack, the situation when building, in the long war, the state of the business undone, urban and rural community needs to recuperate, and reality of conflict.
Mao Zedong was the founder of the new democratic theory, and engage in a period of time after the founding of the new democratic society began to be endorsed. in the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh CPC, Mao Zedong put forward the More is to use the power of the state power to weaken the social basis of the private economy, and enhance the strength of state-owned economy. Once the conditions are ripe to seize the opportunity to achieve the transition to socialism. ()
eager to transition to socialism under Mao The mentality is undoubtedly a kind of surging demand realism. because the ideology of the world communist movement, only entered the socialist society of the country, in order to have full two pounds less than the right to speak. So, when the regime down to a solid, Mao Zedong anxious to remove the new democratic hat, the implementation strategy for the transition to socialism. Moreover, the nature of the planned economy of the controlled economy during the war. For the war had just come out from the Chinese Communist Party cadres and the peasants, the level of experience is more customary, more acceptable This great unification of the system. ()
in the issue of transition to socialism, Mao's the difference between short-term, there is a fundamental difference on change Lilu. ie: is productivity the criteria for entering the socialist? or to enter the socialist relations of production as a standard? both of Leeds in the Isle of Man found in their classic basis. This can be seen all at the Farmers Cooperative Strategy for Mao, Liu, different perceptions. Mao was first collectivization, forced to go to individual farmers, , so that farmers voluntarily took the road of co-operative. This is a level of development of productive forces, rational approach to the social nature of the decision. Therefore, Mao Zedong's victory in the transition theory, constant change makes the relations of production inevitable logic of its theoretical development. ()
Fourth, the program procedures for rational and non-rational conflict.
democratic society on the issue, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai is a rational awareness program leaders, adhere to the seven from the CCP, the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh CPC, the of governance, not lightly the transition to socialism. Zedong is a lack of rational consciousness, inside and outside without the full deliberation and discussion, and no referendum on the political agenda of modern procedures to be easily changed the country's major policies . ()
However, the construction of routes from the new democratic transition period to the general line up, one move is not made easy. not only the unity of the whole Party and people have thought of turning a process of national policies also have a convergence and adjustment problems. as Mao always stressed: Cadres unity. The unity of thought in the process, the master policy of the central government departments and be the first. It will definitely have to involve the early days of the appointment of cadres configuration, disputes and grievances within the party factions adjustment of the pattern of interests . ()
a result, the ruling Communist leadership there after the first serious power struggle.
Second, the Soviet partisan
the party and the white area in the Gao is one count of distribution of the party into This fact in itself, demonstrate the interest in building distribution pattern after administration, the party cadres did widespread peasant discontent considerable. ()
Communist revolution, is composed of many relatively independent of each ; hill The two largest the Central Soviet, Soviet Henan, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, West of area, Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet and other leadership group. In 1945 the CPC Seventh Plenary Session of history through the first resolution, the party's correct line Mao Zedong was the representative of the base, Liu Shaoqi was the party's correct line representatives in the White areas, Mao Zedong's first assistant and successors. [16] Communist seven, Mao Zedong to achieve unity within the party, in organizing Central Committee, and take the recognition of the hills, the hills to take care of compromise. ()
and when the Chinese communists as the ruling party, from ideology to the organization have a transition from revolution to construction problems.
1, row of seating problems.
the main body of Communist cadres in the long revolutionary war environment of rural farmers to break out. the seizure of power After trying to conquer the team as the team take the world; of the city without the knowledge of modern living farmers to cadres, turned into managers of the city and the modern economy. The great span of history. grasp the complexity of the modern state apparatus is a precise work by no means comparable to what strikes the need to establish professional, knowledgeable of the naturally higher levels of the party some cultures, the modern economic knowledge more cadres. Most of these cadres from the White areas system. party cadres worked in the White areas, modern urban life experiences, the higher cultural level, broad perspective, more than the base and military cadres have the advantage of knowledge management of the country. This brought about a configuration of state power change in composition. to conquer the world through the base and the military, the world is the white area to take another call, and this inevitably bases and military cadres to be some sense of loss. ()
the Central People's Government, on behalf of the Chinese Communists into the government's Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai and other Chinese leaders, have a rich white area of work experience. Administration Council ministerial-level cadres in charge of , White areas cadres accounted for a large proportion. in particular a number of important positions Liu rescued from prison by his long-term working relationship and the Northern Bureau of the CCP cadres, such as Peng Zhen, Bo Yibo, Ziwen, Liu Lan Tao, Liu Lu Yan , Hu Xikui and others, have served as senior positions. Peng Zhen, in charge of the organization and personnel power Ziwen, Bo Yibo charge of financial power. [17] ()
the formation of this pattern, not only because the work had a white area experienced cadres familiar with the city's cultural and economic life, more competent national administration, there are other reasons. First of all, the early days of the central government has the nature of the coalition government, and many Democrats into the government. Communist cadres in charge of sending the inevitable appropriate selection of the higher cultural level, more familiar with the work of the city, to communicate with the outside candidates. Second, the Central People's Government of North China People's Government is set up based in the central sector of the North China Bureau of cadres to the natural than it . In addition, with a rather narrow circle of Liu Shaoqi employing there is a certain relationship. ()
conditions in the long revolutionary war, the army and the base has been relatively cadres and cadres divide white area, white area and the revolutionary contribution to the hard work do not quite understand. New in the takeover, the club is the base outside the northern-based cadres and military cadres, cadres of local white area is generally only accompany second seat. but the work of central government departments, but most of them came from the white area in North China Bureau of cadres. These White areas a large number of cadres into the central government departments, is bound to cause a considerable number of bases and military cadres, psychological imbalance. particularly those who have According to the State Department Yaojin into the very discontent. ()
2, differences in ideology.
Marxist-Leninist Communist China is to organize modern political philosophy of the modern revolutionary party. In the The cadres of peasant origin, is more of a revolutionary mobilization of the masses played an important role. But when the Chinese revolution in real-time, this small-scale egalitarian ideology is absolutely the equally split between the extremes on April 1 .1948, Mao-Sui cadres conference speech to this mindset as br> 1948 �� 7 27, the CPC Central Committee's questions and answers mail to Xinhua News Agency, explained in detail the views of Mao Zedong's socialist agriculture. The article points out: small-scale peasant agriculture on the basis of socialism is generated in an egalitarian ideology attempt to use the standard small-to understand and transform the world, not only to undermine the feudal land property relations, but also undermine the freedom of capitalist property relations; not only to divide the semi-feudal land of feudal property, and all other land and property of persons, but also split the business, and such all equally called l the Communist r, otherwise known as socialism l r greatly reduced productivity and regressive. economic competition, the emergence of new rich peasants and the new class division, in the new democratic society, productivity argument, expounded the collectivization, to socialism is possible. ()
Chinese Communists came to power in 1949, Mao Zedong was no longer refers to ; the idea, very wary of the rise within the party absolute risk of the average, some words have made it very heavy. as he did in July 3, 1951 to the Shanxi Provincial Committee of the comment is in some people to severe criticism within the party attempted to use the mutual aid cooperative approach to prevent and avoid the spontaneous forces of the Rural land reform and class differentiation, that rational understanding of the law of development. However, farmers have a hard time cadres came to this rational knowledge.
peasant cadres within the party, and its growth environment and modern industrial civilization are far apart, and the local tyrants, sub-field in the Soviet planned economy, the limited knowledge. So, behind closed environment of rural life experience, experience and knowledge base of the revolution ...
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